Hyperhydration

Hyperhydration is a state in which total body water is greater than the normal euhydrated range. It occurs when fluid intake exceeds losses and the kidneys cannot eliminate the excess fast enough; the result is water overload rather than simply staying well hydrated.

Understanding hyperhydration in sports

Hyperhydration is a state in which total body water is greater than the normal euhydrated range. It occurs when fluid intake exceeds losses and the kidneys cannot eliminate the excess fast enough; the result is water overload rather than simply staying well hydrated.

Understanding hyperhydration in sports

During exercise, athletes lose water through sweat and breathing. Hyperhydration arises when they overdrink in the belief that more fluid will prevent dehydration. The kidneys can only excrete around one litre of water per hour. When intake consistently exceeds this limit, extra water dilutes blood sodium. Mild cases may cause bloating or frequent urination; more serious cases can progress to exercise-associated hyponatremia, where serum sodium falls below normal and symptoms include headache, confusion, and seizures.

Avoiding overdrinking

Monitoring body mass is a simple way to gauge hydration: weight gain during an event signals hyperhydration. Athletes should match fluid intake to sweat rate rather than drink as much as possible. Using thirst as a guide and choosing drinks with electrolytes helps maintain sodium balance. Overdrinking plain water during marathons, triathlons or endurance hikes has been linked to cases of hyponatremia. Awareness of these risks encourages personalised hydration plans.

Hyperhydration describes excessive body water accumulation due to overdrinking. It does not enhance performance and can lead to medical complications. Aligning fluid intake with sweat loss and avoiding unnecessary overdrinking helps maintain fluid balance.

Related Terms: Hypohydration, Dehydration, Prehydration, Exercise-associated hyponatremia, Sweat rate