Dental erosion

Dental erosion is the loss of tooth enamel caused by direct exposure to acids rather than by bacterial decay. In sports drink consumption, repeated contact with acidic, sugar-containing liquids can dissolve mineral from the surface of teeth.

Why sports drinks can harm enamel

Tooth enamel begins to demineralize at a pH around 5.5; many sports drinks have a pH near 3.3 and contain citric or phosphoric acid and sugars for taste and preservation. When athletes sip these drinks during training or competition, the acids can soften the enamel and leach calcium and phosphate from the tooth surface. Unlike saliva, sports drinks do not buffer acidity; repeated exposures prolong the time the mouth stays below the critical pH. Frequent acid attacks, combined with dry mouth from heavy breathing and dehydration, increase the risk of irreversible enamel loss. Sugars also feed oral bacteria, which produce additional acids. Once enamel is eroded it does not regenerate, and the underlying dentine may become sensitive.

Protecting your teeth

Athletes can reduce dental erosion by limiting the frequency and duration of acidic drink exposure. Drinking a carbohydrate–electrolyte beverage or gel in one go rather than sipping slowly lowers contact time. Rinsing the mouth with water or a neutral rinse after consuming a sports drink helps raise the pH and wash away sugars. Using a straw or bottle nozzle to direct fluid away from the teeth reduces contact. Avoid brushing teeth immediately after acid exposure, as enamel is temporarily softened; wait at least 30 minutes. Fluoride toothpaste and professional fluoride treatments strengthen enamel. Choosing products with a higher pH and lower acid content, and combining sports drinks with plain water, can also help protect tooth surfaces.

Keeping teeth strong is important for long‑term health. By being mindful of the acidity and sugar content of sports drinks and practising good oral care, athletes can enjoy the benefits of hydration and energy without sacrificing dental health.

Related Terms: Enamel demineralization, pH, Acidulant, Carbohydrate–electrolyte beverage, Solvent