Calcium chloride

Calcium chloride is a white, highly soluble salt composed of calcium and chloride ions. In food and beverage applications it is used to supply calcium, adjust acidity and provide a slightly salty taste. In sports hydration products it can replenish small amounts of calcium and chloride lost in sweat.

Functions of calcium and chloride

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, with about 99 % stored in bones and teeth. It also acts as a signalling ion, triggering muscle contraction, regulating heartbeat, enabling nerve transmission and assisting with blood clotting. Chloride is the predominant negatively charged ion in extracellular fluid. It helps maintain osmotic pressure, acid–base balance and is a key component of stomach acid. When calcium chloride dissolves in water it releases these ions, which the body can absorb. In the context of hydration, calcium losses through sweat are very low compared with sodium or potassium, typically less than 20 mg per litre. Daily calcium requirements for adults range from 1,000 to 1,200 mg and are easily met by consuming dairy products, fortified plant milks, leafy greens, nuts and small fish eaten with bones.

Uses and notes

Calcium chloride is widely used in the food industry to firm vegetables in canning, enhance the setting of cheese and prevent spoilage. It is also employed as a de‑icing agent and in medical settings to treat severe electrolyte imbalances. In sports drinks the compound appears in small quantities to provide calcium and chloride without increasing sodium. Because the body loses little calcium in sweat, most athletes receive adequate amounts from regular meals, and additional calcium chloride in beverages is mainly for flavour and stabilising purposes. Excessive intake from supplements can lead to high blood calcium or digestive upset, particularly in people with kidney disorders.

Calcium chloride delivers calcium and chloride ions in a readily absorbable form. While it has industrial and medical uses, its role in sports hydration is minor. A balanced diet remains the primary source of calcium for bone health and muscle function.

Related Terms: magnesium citrate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium citrate, hydration