Hypertonic

Hypertonic solutions contain a higher concentration of dissolved salts and sugars than body fluids, so they draw water out of cells and into the digestive tract.

High‑Solute Formulations

A hypertonic beverage has an effective solute concentration above that of human blood plasma, usually exceeding 300 mOsm/kg. These drinks are rich in carbohydrates and may also contain proteins or amino acids. Because their solute concentration is high, they create an osmotic gradient that pulls water into the gut. Gastric emptying slows and fluid absorption is delayed until the drink is diluted by additional water. Hypertonic drinks often provide more than 8–10% carbohydrate, well above the typical isotonic range. This makes them useful for supplying energy during prolonged events or for replenishing glycogen stores after exercise, but they are not ideal for rapid hydration.

Concentrated Fuel Sources

Examples of hypertonic sports nutrition products include concentrated carbohydrate gels, undiluted fruit juice, recovery shakes with added protein, and syrup-based mixes. Some athletes also prepare high‑calorie drinks by mixing multiple scoops of powder with a small volume of water. These dense formulations are intended to deliver calories efficiently. When using hypertonic products, it is important to consume extra water alongside them to prevent dehydration and to aid digestion.

Hypertonic drinks are valuable for delivering energy but should be consumed with additional water to maintain hydration.

Related Terms: Hypotonic, Isotonic, Tonicity, Osmolality, Osmolarity